и~R
и~R1
иx߷~R
һиxһN}Ŀ~R}~R}@ӵһN}J(rn)R@~Ϳ϶ܺܿ㲻J(rn)R@~ǽ(jng)^ӌƔM˺ܶrg߀õe`ĽY(ji)fQ~R}J(rn)R@~ô~R}иxожҪ?ռ25%ϵıOGfÿƪx}3-6~}(ÿƪиxֻ13}ѽ)Ҋ~R}Ҫ--ֻҪ~R}QpиxеһK?jn)?sh)߀}(ji)ʡˌFĕrgиx~R}п~Rʲôy?6~RҲyһЩġԞ˱UҊ~ˮƽҪ_(d)6ϣ@ӾͿxІ~}ķ?jn)?sh)ÝM
ڶxٶȵĆ}ЇиxһϵKڕrgxµٶ̫ˡfJ(rn)R~ܿxf~̫СxٶȱȻۿ!
и~RҪI(y)ƫ
һиx~RƫڌI(y)|(zh)ԭ@ӣиԇǞ˿ӢZˮƽܷCڴW(xu)W(xu)(x)I(y)֪R˿ă(ni)ƫ،W(xu)g(sh)ķģxҲĴW(xu)nĺ׃(ni)xȡڱ~ĕr?q)ڌW(xu)g(sh)~Roһ̶ȵҕǺġ
ڶиxČI(y)~Ry@cҲǺȻиһTӢZˮƽԇֲnjI(y)ԇy^ČI(y)~Rxд_F(xin)ǿ.(ni)ݣ˼Ժز³
eӣIt should be obvious that cetaceans--whales, porpoises, and dolphins--are mammals@OGx}еһԭ䡣@Ԓеcetaceanһ^I(y)o豳Ć~ֻҪJ(rn)Rwhalesdolphinsmammals֪cetaceanˮ()Dz@ஔ(dng)֪cetacean˼Ҫӛmammalwhaledolphin@N^õČI(y)~Rcetacean@NƧѾڱ@NDĆ~Ǻֵܲõġ
и~R2
~ֻӛι˲dzɹӛס~?
һr C
ӛи~ҪvrCҪxƽo죬Xos@NѕrCӛR˯ǰ(ji)յrgҪӛҲҪoԭt
ӛıCenjЩxֿڼLĆ~Ҫųηyw
~ӛܶT磺wӛDӛYxӛӛ^ӛѭh(hun)ӛӛҎ(gu)ӛEӛӛVӛȤζӛƬӛsӛȵȡһҪҵmԼһɷNӛҊ˼w
Ŀ
ĿĵӛסĆ~h(yun)ȟowĿӛסĆ~zʵc̽ӑij}rЎׂP(gun)I~һӛס
^
ӛ~rҪρäĿƴӛÎ犕rgм(x)^ԓ~ĽY(ji)(gu)ҳc@ϿƺMrgHόӛ~Ў
(f)
(f)ӛ֮ĸκM(jn)ƌW(xu).~ӛԶη(f)ӛA(ch)
@ȻX(x)Jrtgrӛ~ЧҪúܶࡣ̼ķܶ࣬ʹdӵ¶Чش̼X
̌W(xu)ֱ^̌W(xu)٬F(xin)w˷ȫ~ӛ
(lin)
(lin)چ~ӛ@ǺoɆ
ʮr g
XǺƣڵи~RӛĕrgW(xu)ÿһСrԃ(ni)ЌW(xu)gСһ㲻Ҫ^40
и~R3
ôиx~R}иxожҪأռ25%ϵıOGfÿƪx}36~}ÿƪиxֻ13}ѽҊ~R}ҪԡֻҪ~R}QpиxеһK?jn)?sh)߀}(ji)ʡˌFĕrg
иx~R}п~Rʲôy6~RҲyһЩġԞ˱UҊ~ˮƽҪ_(d)6ϣ@ӾͿxІ~}'?jn)?sh)ÝM
Їиx俼һϵKڕrgãxµٶ̫fJ(rn)R~ܿx£f~̫СxٶȱȻۿиx~R}ՌxٶҲǷdz
и~R4
һҕxиԇ˼ԇһʽӢZŽ(jng)^ƽrӰѬҲһЩx^ҊϵϵK纆εwheel@~İl(f)һwh҂l(f)[w]Ӣаl(f)[hw]rԺεwhatwhywhite~xl(f)׃ҪJ(rn)Rnjxfӛסl(f)Ҏ(gu)t]ãP(gun)IҪW(xu)`҂ڿ~ĕr뵽mõʲôҎ(gu)t@}rԱ(x)T Nl(f)(x)TǿҎ(gu)tȥס
˿~x(dng)ȻҪҕ@HP(gun)ϵ~⣬߀Ӱ푵ԼĿ^_(d)͕h~r(yng)ԓM ʽϤ~Rγ XHHҕXϵ@ӵԒ ~rͲҪȥ(yng)~ΠĶُķgĽǶȥֱӵ@ڃ(ni)ݷиԇfǷdzҪġ
һ~RdzʽҲ^ӡܶϵȫI˺ܶs]κһ@oһNMĸе~R߀Ǹ(j)W(xu)Zx~R(ni)ݿoֻҪXmԼľУظL(fng)ܰһJ(rn)桰(yng)ԇbbI˺ܶs]J(rn)挦κһ߀粻I
ҕƴmȻ ԇ~]ҪҲ˺ҕƴһ挑Ҫƴһ ԇҪPӛ~Ϥ͟oٌЧϢѕrgM˼~ϣߌŰl(f)F(xin)Լֻܶˆ~IJ벻ʲô@ӵĹPӛͰ
ӛ~ƴĕr߀ҪY(ji)x(j)(ji)ӛ~ц~ֳһСһС֡@ӲHʹӛι̣߀˽ĸͬMϵ'l(f)(x)T(dng)ԇr~ͿԸ(j)xӛˆ~ĻΠ}ĿF(xin)ĕrҵ(yng)Ϣˡ
ҕ(x)Zи ԇн(jng)F(xin)һЩҊ(x)ZٵZӰ푴ҵ˿ƽr˱ĸlW(xu)~R߀(x)Zķe@Щ~Ӱ푿
塢Č`зeۆμ~RȫQ~}~ڲͬZкx׃xҲЏкз} 迴ҕӰr Л](jng)W(xu)^^Ć~м(x)J(rn)һԼČ(zhn)(jng)еĆ~Ҫe^(f)sČI(y)~Rһ@Щ~F(xin)rжxͬx~x~гF(xin)ʽVҺxЕrҲӰw}rP(gun)עһǷ@Nra(chn)e۽Q~xĽ(jng)
и~R5
и~Rdzɹ俼иԇA(ch)]ˆ~@A(ch) ZxoM(jn)УӢZČW(xu)(x)и~Rǽ^ɺԵҪ֮(w)
(zhn)俼ии~RҪ7000-8000ңҪϵ~R˸XxµyȺyȲҪdz}ʽͬ⌦xٶҲһҪиF(xin)Ҫ Z͌жкܶ (ni)ݡ
yһҪƪlecture 漰I(y)~R^yһЩc(zhn) ^ӛPӛҲǺҪ`fZԼȥQ^낀W(xu)ԞZ(yng)ԓɆ}ĕr߀ǺܳҪԭǿZҪں̵ܶĕrgCϿĺ IJσ(ni)M^ЗlĻش@ܿZԽM͑(yng)hҪc_ʼ(x)
ģһƪСҲҪxҪ ڶƪǏ}һһӳc(zhn)OKfиĿԇL(fng)҂߀пӢZܴһҪȥܛ}һ²֪ԼҪЩlongmankaplan߀barrone
иԇ~ôk
ȣҪW(xu)ЕrҵӢώS҂xr(dng)Ȼ@ĵƽr}rҪҊJ(rn)RĆ~ͷֵԼĆ~~J(rn)Rõ呟CеP(gun)Iǻڵ~ֻҪľZ~ДǰHҲ͉и¶ǽY(ji)(gu)(yn)֔(jn)ͻÿһԒ@oՓľ߀Z϶y(tng)һ@ʹ҂ײ
ڶʾZ~һf^Ҫľˏ{(dio)һЩ¶DZ~somewhat,quite,pretty,etc.ҪW(xu)@Щ~wĦߵDĶõİס@Ĵ}rdzЎfǣxһڃ(ni)σcȡ֮̎Zȵȱ^Ė|ֻھһ쾚̶ȵr²ſ\ҽhrgxһЩķĶԼ@µĸX_ʼ}ԺץסһЙCȥ呟ԼyXڿБ(yng)׃֮yһҊ~ץϹӰԺİl(f)]
и~R6
һһҪÿζر
ԼȄeԱ~e֮һԼQȄeȻeÿ챳ʮ~ԼsԱһق֮һ߀ʣʮDŽeB(ti)µʮÿһق䌍l(f)F(xin)@ҪߣһºȻȻؾͱٻ ~䌣I(y)~ӛ~~ڸиI(y)ͨtҪӛӛӛסP(gun)~M
ڶ͆~Ҋ
һ~ܲӛסȡQںڲͬҊlÿοĕrgL̡һӛסһ~ÿҪڲͬҊĴǷһҊ鶼ǟo^ģP(gun)Iиͬ͵ҊC^(j)ҪĆ~ĵȼͬҊCķʽҲͬǧǧ@ȼ磺ӢZؿ~3500ǷdzõĆ~?gu)˱_(d)˼Ҫһ~Rÿƪаٷ֮ʮ@Щ~R@Щ~Z(Q~)ǷָСoٷָ֮gҲ]ʲô֮̎Ė|@Щ~÷M(jn)дgĿ (x)@܉?q)õĻA(ch)~Rεӛס
!
ǧһf@ȼʣµİٷ֮ʮ^@ȼ~Ҫ ӿă(ni)ͬҪ־xͷxɷN һӣҲǷxҪһЩxҪ̫LĿҿ~Ҫ̫࣬һƪЃJ(rn)RľǧfҪһρͿӢZs־Сf~^Щ|yҿҲ~]ʲôM(jn)xҲҪ(x)ֻҪrgһֱȥ@һɞһ~Rţˡ
}Ŀб~
ܶǞ˱~~䌍õ`}Ŀ~Rӛƥģtpoܛx~߅}߅ӛ~R@ЩǸl~Retsl~RԺԇҲ(jng)Ҋ@NҲΡ
~ӢZW(xu)(x)ֻ֮Г˴ӢZ~R쾚ӢZ fxȻ~^ǺܿζֻиDŬܵõ˵ijɿ
и~R7
apprehension n. (dn);
apprehensive adj. ֵ֑n](dn)ĵ
approach n. ; vt. ӽ;̽ӑ
appropriate adj. m(dng)?sh)ǡ?dng)?sh)?vt. ܿ
approve vt. (zhn);vi. ٝͬ
approval n. ٝʽ(zhn)
approximate v. ӽ;adj. sӋ
apt adj. ((x))ڵЃAģڵ;ǡ(dng)?sh)Nе
aptitude n. ;ȻA
aquatic adj. ˮ`ˮģˮлˮϵ
aquarium n. ˮ^
arable adj. mڸɸ
arbitrary adj. MģƵ
arbitrator n. ٲ
arbitration n. {(dio)ͣٲ
arboreal adj. 䗫;;ľ
archaic adj. Ŵϵģf^r
archetype adj. ԭͣ
и~R8
ƄиP(gun)Iźܶ˶@ӵɻǼɞ߀nj?䌍иҪ100(dng)ȻҪҪ뿼100߀ҪһɵġҲҪäĿĻȡø߷ֵĻ~R.U(ku)ȞҪoՓ xZ߀njx_~R
Ҷf~ⲻ֪ⱳDzģܿXӛ͕ʧMZfٰʽچ~ӛҲһӵģֻв؏(f)҂~RrgxҲǺv˯ǰһСrDZ~Srg(j)ƌW(xu)оf˵ӛ˯Ԅ(yu)̎ľǾx˯Ƕӛ@rgӛeЧڵڶ峿ُ(f)(x)һ
چ~xhͬW(xu)ʹÁy@ӱ^a(chn)ƣMʹ~Ķ^ĸl~R档ՓZƣعʶ֪@ӛ҂ӛҲ֮صľLjԳ־¾ǁŲ׃ֻҪܰӋԳʩÿŬ^һի@
и~R9
l(f)Ҫ
ҪJ(rn)Rnjxfӛסl(f)Ҏ(gu)t]P(gun)IҪW(xu)`҂ڿ~ĕr뵽mõʲôҎ(gu)t@}rԱ(x)T Nl(f)(x)TǿҎ(gu)tȥס
˿и ~Rx(dng)ȻҪҕ@HP(gun)ϵ~߀Ӱ푵ԼĿ^_(d)͕~r(yng)ԓM ʽϤ~Rγ X`УHHҕXϵ@ӵԒ ~rͲҪȥ(yng)~ΠĶُķgĽǶȥֱӵ@ڃ(ni)ݷиԇfǷdzҪġ
ƴҪ
mȻи ԇ~]ҪҲ˺ҕƴһ挑Ҫƴһ ԇҪPӛ~Ϥ͟oٌЧϢѕrgM˼~ߌŰl(f)F(xin)Լֻܶˆ~IJ֣벻ʲô@ӵĹPӛͰ
ӛ~ƴĕr߀ҪY(ji)x(j)(ji)ӛ~ц~ֳһСһС֡@ӲHʹӛι߀˽ĸͬMϵİl(f)(x)T(dng)ԇr~ͿԸ(j)xӛˆ~ĻΠ}ĿF(xin)ĕrҵ(yng)Ϣˡ
и~R10
и~R˼~Rࡣи~RÁGMAT~R^Ҳи~Rȥ˼͛]І}
˼~Rи~RҲкܶĽߵĽžӢZ~Rиƫƣ˼ƫ((jng)ɽֲʯʲô)(ʲôvʷ¼ʲôW(xu)Ʒ)߀ЌW(xu)g(sh)((jng)У@'D^̄(w)̎ʲô)
Ҫ˼ԒòҪи~R(zhn)и˼~R^(q)eķ棬һDzҪôܶ~Rò˼ĺܶ~RиҲw˼и~R]ôy㣬ͨМ(zhn)һ¾Ͳ
ϾС˼~Rи~Rʲô^(q)e@}P(gun)Ľϣ@Щ܉߀ڼmY(ji)ǿ˼߀иͬW(xu)w˼ҪиЩǶ߶ҪͶrgȥ(f)(x)ףԸ㿼ԇ܉ͨ^
и~R11
abandonn. ;vt. z;ŗ
accumulatevt. evi. ۷e;e
adverseadj. ;෴;(~adverseness~adversely)
amazingadj. @ v. ʹ@(amazeingʽ)
approvevi. (zhn);ٝ;Mvt. (zhn);ٝ;顭ṩC(j)
assemblevt. ۼ;b;ռvi. ۼ
avidadj. ؝;ĵ
bartern.Q(mo);サQ; vt. ԡ齻Q; vi. M(jn)؛Q(mo);ӑr߀r
biographyn. ӛ;n;˺
bouldern. ʯAʯ;[
bulbn. 늟;[o;vi. o;Û
canv. _aux. ,n. ^,_
casualtyn. ¹;ˆT;\
chancen. C;\⣬e;vt. żȻl(f);ðUvi. ;żȻl(f)F(xin)
civilianadj. õ;յģƽ.n. ƽ
conceivevt. ;(gu)˼;Ԟ;vi. ;O(sh);]
consecutiveadj. B؞;Bm(x)
conventionn. ;T;s;f(xi);(x)
crabn. зƢ;ؙCvt. Թ;Ɖ;ʹƫvi. з;l(f)};Թ
curriculumn.n
defendv.l(wi)(ҵ);أo(h)ʹ
detectv.l(f)Xl(f)F(xin)z
disciplinen. W(xu);o(j);Ӗ(xn);Pvt. Ӗ(xn)Ӗ(xn)(do);ͽ
divertvt. D(zhun);ʹg;ʹD(zhun)vi. D(zhun)
dynamicadj. ӑB(ti);;W(xu);лn. ӑB(ti);
emanatevt. l(f)ɢvi. l(f);ɢl(f);l(f)Դ
и~R12
1. ˣW(xu)g(sh)͵иxF(xin)ľǸNƌW(xu)ңisterY(ji)βӶ
磺anthropologistarchaeologistpaleontologistzoologistgeographerastronomer
(W(xu)ŌW(xu)W(xu)W(xu)ңW(xu)ČW(xu))
@~RҟoӛסƴֻҪxгF(xin)ԱJ(rn)挦δ֪Č~rҪДǂW(xu)źM(jn)һ
2. |(zh)ò@иxW(xu)g(sh)бغܴhҌ~RM(jn)зe
磺volcanolayerconglomeratekarstporouspermeablemeteoroliteasteroid
ɽ()[r˹صò(ʯ?gu)rһN)(cˮ)ɝBEʯС
3. cB(ti)c͵P(gun)Ԓ}иxh(yun)Č
磺unpredictablevaryrange fromextinctionendangeredtropicaljungleequatorial
A(y)yģ׃(~)׃(~)^lΣᎧ֣
4. vʷ@}Ƿˮ݆D(zhun)ČҲҪע⡣ǚvʷµĿdžμvǏĸ룬кܶ.F(xin)ʽǹw㣬ǾvʷQ(mo)ͽͨ\ݔ?sh)İl(f)չǾǽ(jng)(j)ʷȵ
relicsremainsmausoleumhandicraftcohesivenessterritorialcivilization
zEzEĹֹˇƷI(lng)ģ
5. P(gun)I~@~ܲ@ǕӵĺxҪעČһЩзǰY~ǿ϶xһЩȫ]з~Yĸ~sĚ!
磺rarelymerelyundeniable
и~R13
һ.~
иZԇе~ڿԇʮҪã~ھпÁZeZZȵҾӵҪxͨ^~wF(xin)ܶrٲ˽ı_(d)ԭǣ~ķeǡ(dng)?sh)ʹ?yng)~R_(d)Լ挍˼Խhڂ俼ĕreһЩиZԇгõһЩ~Raccountadditionadvertisementȵȡ]xиZ~һق
.~
~x~ϵ~~B(ti)~ȿÁʾZĠB(ti)ҲÁʾZ^m(x)ֵһNrߑB(ti)ȣЩ~߀Á_(d)ĸ(zhn)_ʹÄ~_(d)Ե.Ŀġܶ~mȻ_(d)˼dz̶ȅsȫͬԿڿԇһҪǡ(dng)?sh)ʹ?yng)~RcиZԇгõĄ~鿴~
.~
~ҪÁ茑~ߴ~ʾ˻|(zh)B(ti)?q)~ZZaZߠZͨҪ~֮ǰҶ(sh)~б^ȼʹݵĕrҪ쾚~ı^׃Ҏ(gu)tеݵı^@~֮er@~֮estҪע@һcc˳õиZ~鿴~
.~
ӢZеĴ~Է֞˷Q~Iheȵ~~ָʾ~Ɇ~whowhomȵȡZeZZZȣҲÁ(do)ZľeZľͱZľǿиZԇн(jng)ʹô~`^(q)ܶڿԇĕrҕ~lD(zhun)QǴ~ڡԄeϲcָһڡ(sh)δcָһǡˆ}ȵȶ(do)³F(xin)e`ԿһҪע~ʹ
иZԇҪʹô~RƽrһҪעeۣ(yng)}M(jn)о(x)(yng)!
и~R14
ڳиĂ俼AźܶͬW(xu)оھW(wng)ռһЩ俼YϺиԇļͬr@^҂ҲǶܶĂ俼ɺͿԇC(jng)(dng)Ȼиԇ(f)(x)^У@Щ(ni)DZزٵǣ҂߀ҪѴҪԼи俼A(ch)~RҪһh(hun)(ji)и~Rĭh(hun)(ji)҂߀עܶ༚(x)(ji)Ҫc҂́һP(gun)עһ~RиԇжҪ
иԇ~RںܶиԇČW(xu)fҿDZ^ϲgһЩ߷ֿĂ俼(jng)J(rn)@ӿǕoԼٵ.俼(jng)@ֵѴҵľoՓӵļ~RA(ch)Ҫĭh(hun)(ji)oՓӵĸ߷ӺõĻA(ch)~RDZزٵă(ni)ݡJ(rn)鼼ɾǸ㶨иԇôСվԸVиĿԇY(ji)o㎧KʹĽӖ(xn)
ͬrڜ(zhn)и~R^УԼ~RA(ch)λҲǷdzҪһ^ڂ俼и^УھW(wng)ϵһЩ俼ɺ͂俼(jng)ǽhҿԶTPOľ(x)}(dng)Ȼ@ӵĽhě]eģ҂߀Ǒ(yng)ԓԼĻA(ch)λڂ俼rW(xu)ӢZļ~R߀RRôRTPO}ĿǷdzyҲf]~RĻA(ch)}Ŀfo
SF(xin)иgԽԽСܶгЌW(xu)_ʼиԇҲfڵI(lng)ĿfҪRиԇf~RҪȥ挦һЌW(xu)fڂ俼иĕrҪ挦и~RǸӢZ~+W(xu)ļ~+и~һЌW(xu)fҪ挦~R~RǷdzҲҪĕrg(zhn)
и~R15
sea
high seas, open sea h(yun)
ocean
inlet С
bay ,
gulf
cove
cape
promontory, headland ,
cliff ͱ
port, harbour (:harbor)
bay, roadstead ֲ̎
sandbank ɳ
beach, shore
strait {
isthmus ؍{
reef ʯ
key
sandbar ɳ
tide
wave
undertow ^
tempest L(fng)
ground swell ӿ
seaquake ,[
low water ˮλ
и~RP(gun)£
и~R07-14
A_^и~R10-29
иرl~R20006-28
2022иxP(gun)ĸl~R11-25
иibtиʲô^(q)e08-13
иxԇʽ ô俼иxԇ10-20
иZ(f)h08-05
иW(xu)(x)Ӌ11-03
ʲôиԇ 俼иԇ09-23
иӢZ 08-04